英语词汇chauvinism的起源、历史背景-英语词源词典

chauvinism. Nicolas Chauvin of Rochefort was a genuine hero, wounded 17 times in service of the French Grande Armée and retiring only when so scarred that he could no longer lift a sword. How then did his name become associated with excessive nationalism or superpatriotism? Chauvin actu- ally was left with little after his war service. For his wounds and valor he received a medal, a ceremonial saber, and a pen- sion of about 40 dollars a year. Instead of growing bitter, the old soldier turned in the opposite direction, for, after all, his sacrifices had to mean something. Chauvin became an idola- tor of the Little Corporal; even after Waterloo and Napoleon’s exile, he spoke of little but his hero’s infallibility and the glory of France. The veteran became a laughingstock in his village, but he would have escaped national attention if dramatists Charles and Jean Cogniard hadn’t heard of him and used him as a character in their comedy La Cocarde tricolore (1831). The play truthfully represented Chauvin as an almost idolatrous worshipper of Napoleon and was followed by at least four more comedies by other authors caricaturing the old soldier. As a result the French word chauvinisme, or “chauvinism,” be- came synonymous with fanatical, unreasoning patriotism and all that such blind, bellicose worship of national prowess im- plies. The closest English synonym is -jingoism, while the Germans use Hurrapatriotismus.

词汇	chauvinism
词源	chauvinism. Nicolas Chauvin of Rochefort was a genuine hero, wounded 17 times in service of the French Grande Armée and retiring only when so scarred that he could no longer lift a sword. How then did his name become associated with excessive nationalism or superpatriotism? Chauvin actu- ally was left with little after his war service. For his wounds and valor he received a medal, a ceremonial saber, and a pen- sion of about 40 dollars a year. Instead of growing bitter, the old soldier turned in the opposite direction, for, after all, his sacrifices had to mean something. Chauvin became an idola- tor of the Little Corporal; even after Waterloo and Napoleon’s exile, he spoke of little but his hero’s infallibility and the glory of France. The veteran became a laughingstock in his village, but he would have escaped national attention if dramatists Charles and Jean Cogniard hadn’t heard of him and used him as a character in their comedy La Cocarde tricolore (1831). The play truthfully represented Chauvin as an almost idolatrous worshipper of Napoleon and was followed by at least four more comedies by other authors caricaturing the old soldier. As a result the French word chauvinisme, or “chauvinism,” be- came synonymous with fanatical, unreasoning patriotism and all that such blind, bellicose worship of national prowess im- plies. The closest English synonym is -jingoism, while the Germans use Hurrapatriotismus.
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