sanctify (v.)
14世纪晚期, seintefien “祝圣,为神圣用途而设; ”约1400年,“通过宗教制裁使之神圣或合法; ”来自古法语 saintefier “神圣化”(12世纪,现代法语 sanctifier),源自晚期拉丁语 sanctificare “使神圣”,来自 sanctus “神圣的”(见 saint(n.))+ facere “制造,做” 的组合形式(来自 PIE 词根 *dhe- “设置,放置”)。
该词形于英语1400年左右改为符合拉丁语。从1520年代(泰恩代尔)开始表示“使免于罪恶”。转义的“使值得尊重”意义始于大约1600年。相关词汇: Sanctified; sanctifying。
sanctify 的相关词汇
*dhē-,原始印欧词根,意为“设定,放置”。
它构成以下词汇的全部或部分: abdomen; abscond; affair; affect(第一动词)“在心中留下印象”; affect(第二动词)“假装”; affection; amplify; anathema; antithesis; apothecary; artifact; artifice; beatific; benefice; beneficence; beneficial; benefit; bibliothec; bodega; boutique; certify; chafe; chauffeur; comfit; condiment; confection; confetti; counterfeit; deed; deem; deface; defeasance; defeat; defect; deficient; difficulty; dignify; discomfit; do(动词); doom; -dom; duma; edifice; edify; efface; effect; efficacious; efficient; epithet; facade; face; facet; facial; -facient; facile; facilitate; facsimile; fact; faction(名词1)“政党”; -faction; factitious; factitive; factor; factory; factotum; faculty; fashion; feasible; feat; feature; feckless; fetish; -fic; fordo; forfeit; -fy; gratify; hacienda; hypothecate; hypothesis; incondite; indeed; infect; justify; malefactor; malfeasance; manufacture; metathesis; misfeasance; modify; mollify; multifarious; notify; nullify; office; officinal; omnifarious; orifice; parenthesis; perfect; petrify; pluperfect; pontifex; prefect; prima facie; proficient; profit; prosthesis; prothesis; purdah; putrefy; qualify; rarefy; recondite; rectify; refectory; sacrifice; salmagundi; samadhi; satisfy; sconce; suffice; sufficient; surface; surfeit; synthesis; tay; ticking(名词); theco-; thematic; theme; thesis; verify。
它是以下词汇的假定来源/其存在的证据为:梵语 dadhati “放置,安排”; 阿维斯塔语 dadaiti “他放置”; 古波斯语 ada “他制造”; 赫梯语 dai- “放置”; 希腊语 tithenai “放置,设置,安置”; 拉丁语 facere “做,干; 执行; 带来”; 立陶宛语 dėti “放置”; 波兰语 dziać się “正在发生”; 俄语 delat' “做”; 古高地德语 tuon,德语 tun,古英语 don “做”。
早在12世纪初,作为形容词, seinte,“神圣的,受神启示的,值得崇拜的”,用于专有名词之前(Sainte Marian Magdalene 等),源自古法语 saint, seinte,“神圣的,虔诚的,虔敬的”,源自拉丁语 sanctus,“神圣的,祝圣的”,过去分词形式为 sancire,“祝圣”(参见 sacred)。它取代或改变了古英语 sanct,后者直接源自拉丁语 sanctus。
从一个加在被封圣的人名前的形容词,它在约1200年左右开始被用作名词,“一个特定的被封圣的基督徒”,也指“选民之一,基督的一员,被祝圣或专为事奉上帝的人”,在旧约中也指“一个基督教前的先知”。
到13世纪末,它已经被证明是“道德或有德行的人,心灵和生活纯洁或正直的人”。
这些形容词在晚期拉丁语和古法语中也被用作名词:“一个圣人; 一个神圣的遗物”。拉丁语单词也是西班牙语 santo, santa,意大利语 san 等的来源,也是大多数日耳曼语言中单词的来源(古弗里斯兰语 sankt,荷兰语 sint,德语 Sanct)。
Perhaps you have imagined that this humility in the saints is a pious illusion at which God smiles. That is a most dangerous error. It is theoretically dangerous, because it makes you identify a virtue (i.e., a perfection) with an illusion (i.e., an imperfection), which must be nonsense. It is practically dangerous because it encourages a man to mistake his first insights into his own corruption for the first beginnings of a halo round his own silly head. No, depend upon it; when the saints say that they—even they—are vile, they are recording truth with scientific accuracy. [C.S. Lewis, "The Problem of Pain," 1940]
也许你认为圣徒的谦卑是上帝会微笑的虔诚幻觉。这是一个非常危险的错误。从理论上讲,它使你将一种美德(即完美)与一种幻觉(即缺陷)等同起来,这必须是无意义的。从实际上讲,它鼓励一个人将自己对自己腐败的第一次洞察误认为是自己愚蠢头上光环的第一次开始。不,一定要相信; 当圣徒们说他们——甚至他们——是卑鄙的时候,他们正在以科学的准确性记录真相。[C.S.刘易斯,“痛苦的问题”,1940年]