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Calvinism; Calvinist. The system of theological thought called Calvinism was founded by French Protestant reformer John Calvin, or Cauvin (1509–64). Calvinist beliefs, held in much modified form today in Presbyterian and Reformed churches, were formulated as the Five Points in 1618. These are, briefly: 1) Original Sin, man’s natural inability to exercise free will since Adam’s fall; 2) Predestination; 3) Irresistible grace; 4) Perseverance of the saints or elect; and 5) Particular redemp- tion. Calvinism has overwhelmingly been regarded as a bleak, forbidding theology. |