英语词汇artichoke的起源、历史背景-英语词源词典

artichoke; Jerusalem artichoke. As the poet Richard Ar- mour observed, the artichoke is the one vegetable you have more of when you finish eating it, due to its compact leaves, which are scraped with the teeth and discarded. Often called the globe or French artichoke, it is the flower bud of a thistle picked before it blooms. At one time it was seriously suggested that the plant was so named because some artist had choked on the inedible “needles” covering its delicious base, or “heart.” Actually artichoke has more prosaic and complicated origins. The Arabians called it al (“the”) kharshuf, which became alca- chofa in Spanish. Northern Italians corrupted the Spanish ver- sion to articiocco and this entered French as artichaut, from which our artichoke evolved. It is true that the English choke in the word replacing the French chaut may have been influenced by the sensation one gets from eating the wrong part of the veg- etable. As for the Jerusalem artichoke, it neither comes from Je- rusalem, is an artichoke, nor tastes anything like an artichoke. The starchy underground tuber (a good potato substitute) was called girasole articiocco, “sunflower artichoke,” by northern Italians because it is a member of the sunflower family and re- sembles a sunflower in leaf and stem. To Englishmen the word girasole sounded like Jerusalem, and they mistakenly translated the name as Jerusalem artichoke.

词汇	artichoke
词源	artichoke; Jerusalem artichoke. As the poet Richard Ar- mour observed, the artichoke is the one vegetable you have more of when you finish eating it, due to its compact leaves, which are scraped with the teeth and discarded. Often called the globe or French artichoke, it is the flower bud of a thistle picked before it blooms. At one time it was seriously suggested that the plant was so named because some artist had choked on the inedible “needles” covering its delicious base, or “heart.” Actually artichoke has more prosaic and complicated origins. The Arabians called it al (“the”) kharshuf, which became alca- chofa in Spanish. Northern Italians corrupted the Spanish ver- sion to articiocco and this entered French as artichaut, from which our artichoke evolved. It is true that the English choke in the word replacing the French chaut may have been influenced by the sensation one gets from eating the wrong part of the veg- etable. As for the Jerusalem artichoke, it neither comes from Je- rusalem, is an artichoke, nor tastes anything like an artichoke. The starchy underground tuber (a good potato substitute) was called girasole articiocco, “sunflower artichoke,” by northern Italians because it is a member of the sunflower family and re- sembles a sunflower in leaf and stem. To Englishmen the word girasole sounded like Jerusalem, and they mistakenly translated the name as Jerusalem artichoke.
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