vilify (v.)
15世纪中期,“贬低价值或价值”,源自晚期拉丁语 vilificare “使便宜或卑鄙; 认为价值低”,源自拉丁语 vilis “便宜,卑鄙”(见 vile)+ facere “制造”的组合形式(源自 PIE 根 *dhe- “设置,放置”)。意思是“诽谤,说坏话”,首次记录于1590年代。相关: Vilified, vilifying。
vilify 的相关词汇
*dhē-,原始印欧词根,意为“设定,放置”。
它构成以下词汇的全部或部分: abdomen; abscond; affair; affect(第一动词)“在心中留下印象”; affect(第二动词)“假装”; affection; amplify; anathema; antithesis; apothecary; artifact; artifice; beatific; benefice; beneficence; beneficial; benefit; bibliothec; bodega; boutique; certify; chafe; chauffeur; comfit; condiment; confection; confetti; counterfeit; deed; deem; deface; defeasance; defeat; defect; deficient; difficulty; dignify; discomfit; do(动词); doom; -dom; duma; edifice; edify; efface; effect; efficacious; efficient; epithet; facade; face; facet; facial; -facient; facile; facilitate; facsimile; fact; faction(名词1)“政党”; -faction; factitious; factitive; factor; factory; factotum; faculty; fashion; feasible; feat; feature; feckless; fetish; -fic; fordo; forfeit; -fy; gratify; hacienda; hypothecate; hypothesis; incondite; indeed; infect; justify; malefactor; malfeasance; manufacture; metathesis; misfeasance; modify; mollify; multifarious; notify; nullify; office; officinal; omnifarious; orifice; parenthesis; perfect; petrify; pluperfect; pontifex; prefect; prima facie; proficient; profit; prosthesis; prothesis; purdah; putrefy; qualify; rarefy; recondite; rectify; refectory; sacrifice; salmagundi; samadhi; satisfy; sconce; suffice; sufficient; surface; surfeit; synthesis; tay; ticking(名词); theco-; thematic; theme; thesis; verify。
它是以下词汇的假定来源/其存在的证据为:梵语 dadhati “放置,安排”; 阿维斯塔语 dadaiti “他放置”; 古波斯语 ada “他制造”; 赫梯语 dai- “放置”; 希腊语 tithenai “放置,设置,安置”; 拉丁语 facere “做,干; 执行; 带来”; 立陶宛语 dėti “放置”; 波兰语 dziać się “正在发生”; 俄语 delat' “做”; 古高地德语 tuon,德语 tun,古英语 don “做”。
13世纪后期,“道德上令人厌恶的; 道德上有缺陷、腐败、邪恶; 没有价值; 质量低劣; 令人恶心、丑陋; 有辱人格、羞辱; 地位低下,没有世俗的荣誉或尊重”,源自盎格鲁-法语 ville,古法语 vil “可耻的,不名誉的; 出身低微的; 廉价的; 丑陋的,丑恶的”,源自拉丁语 vilis “廉价的,不值钱的,卑贱的,普通的”,起源不确定,可能来自 PIE 词根 *wes-(1)“买,卖”(见 venal)。相关词汇: Vilely; vileness; vilety(13世纪早期)。
1620年代,源自中世纪拉丁语 vilificationem(主格 vilificatio),是晚期拉丁语 vilificare 的动作名词形式(参见 vilify)。