英语词汇jukes and kallikaks的起源、历史背景-英语词源词典

Jukes and Kallikaks. Their names happen to be fictitious, but the Jukes and the Kallikaks are real families whose histories showed early 20th-century sociologists that heredity, rather than environment, was the cause of feeblemindedness as well as the poverty and crime often resulting from it. The Jukes were a New York family given their pseudonym by Richard L. Dugsdale, a prison sociologist who traced the clan back several generations after finding its members in various state prisons. Tracing the family to a backwoodsman named Max, who had married two of his own sisters, Dugsdale uncovered a fantastic record of crimi- nal activity, disease, and poverty. Of the 709 descendants on whom he obtained precise information, he established that 140 Jukes had been in prison, 280 had been paupers, and that the Jukes family in 75 years had cost New York State $1,308,000. The Kallikaks, another real though pseudonymous family, were stud- ied in New Jersey and revealed the same pattern of a high inci- dence of crime, disease, and delinquency, the two names soon linked together by writers on the subject. Kallikak combines the Greek kallos, “beauty,” and kakos, “ugly, bad.”

词汇	jukes and kallikaks
词源	Jukes and Kallikaks. Their names happen to be fictitious, but the Jukes and the Kallikaks are real families whose histories showed early 20th-century sociologists that heredity, rather than environment, was the cause of feeblemindedness as well as the poverty and crime often resulting from it. The Jukes were a New York family given their pseudonym by Richard L. Dugsdale, a prison sociologist who traced the clan back several generations after finding its members in various state prisons. Tracing the family to a backwoodsman named Max, who had married two of his own sisters, Dugsdale uncovered a fantastic record of crimi- nal activity, disease, and poverty. Of the 709 descendants on whom he obtained precise information, he established that 140 Jukes had been in prison, 280 had been paupers, and that the Jukes family in 75 years had cost New York State $1,308,000. The Kallikaks, another real though pseudonymous family, were stud- ied in New Jersey and revealed the same pattern of a high inci- dence of crime, disease, and delinquency, the two names soon linked together by writers on the subject. Kallikak combines the Greek kallos, “beauty,” and kakos, “ugly, bad.”
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