prosthesis (n.)
1550年代,用于语法,“在单词中添加字母或音节”,源自晚期拉丁语,来自希腊语 prosthesis “添加,增加”,来自 prostithenai “添加”,由 pros “到”(参见 pros-)和 tithenai “放置,安放”(来自 PIE 词根 *dhe- “设置,放置”的重复形式)组成。
从1706年开始在医学艺术中使用,意为“添加人工部件以补充身体缺陷”,基于“添加到”身体的概念。这个意义被扩展到“人工身体部位”于1900年。复数形式为 prostheses。
prosthesis 的相关词汇
*dhē-,原始印欧词根,意为“设定,放置”。
它构成以下词汇的全部或部分: abdomen; abscond; affair; affect(第一动词)“在心中留下印象”; affect(第二动词)“假装”; affection; amplify; anathema; antithesis; apothecary; artifact; artifice; beatific; benefice; beneficence; beneficial; benefit; bibliothec; bodega; boutique; certify; chafe; chauffeur; comfit; condiment; confection; confetti; counterfeit; deed; deem; deface; defeasance; defeat; defect; deficient; difficulty; dignify; discomfit; do(动词); doom; -dom; duma; edifice; edify; efface; effect; efficacious; efficient; epithet; facade; face; facet; facial; -facient; facile; facilitate; facsimile; fact; faction(名词1)“政党”; -faction; factitious; factitive; factor; factory; factotum; faculty; fashion; feasible; feat; feature; feckless; fetish; -fic; fordo; forfeit; -fy; gratify; hacienda; hypothecate; hypothesis; incondite; indeed; infect; justify; malefactor; malfeasance; manufacture; metathesis; misfeasance; modify; mollify; multifarious; notify; nullify; office; officinal; omnifarious; orifice; parenthesis; perfect; petrify; pluperfect; pontifex; prefect; prima facie; proficient; profit; prosthesis; prothesis; purdah; putrefy; qualify; rarefy; recondite; rectify; refectory; sacrifice; salmagundi; samadhi; satisfy; sconce; suffice; sufficient; surface; surfeit; synthesis; tay; ticking(名词); theco-; thematic; theme; thesis; verify。
它是以下词汇的假定来源/其存在的证据为:梵语 dadhati “放置,安排”; 阿维斯塔语 dadaiti “他放置”; 古波斯语 ada “他制造”; 赫梯语 dai- “放置”; 希腊语 tithenai “放置,设置,安置”; 拉丁语 facere “做,干; 执行; 带来”; 立陶宛语 dėti “放置”; 波兰语 dziać się “正在发生”; 俄语 delat' “做”; 古高地德语 tuon,德语 tun,古英语 don “做”。
希腊语词源中的词形成元素,意为“到,朝向,之前”,来自希腊语 pros(介词,副词),也是 proti,“从,向前,从(一个点)朝向(另一个点); 此外; 面对”的意思,源自 PIE * proti-(源头还包括梵语 prati “到,反对”)。
- *per-
- prosthetic