英语词汇trademarks and generic terms的起源、历史背景-英语词源词典

trademarks and generic terms. Trademarks—“the name or symbol legally adopted and used by a manufacturer in order to distinguish the goods he manufactures or sells and to distin- guish them from those manufactured or sold by others”—must always be capitalized. Coca-Cola, a trademark registered in 1887, has always been jealously protected by its owner. In 1930 the company went to the Supreme Court to obtain a ruling that the nickname Coke belonged exclusively to it and subsequently registered it too as a trademark. In the case of cola, however, the Supreme Court ruled in 1938 that any soft drink using the cola nut in its manufacture could call itself a cola, as cola is a generic word and therefore not the Coca-Cola Company’s ex- clusive property. Trademarks are also known as brand names or brands, this term deriving from the practice of branding ani- mals to indicate ownership. The U.S. Patent Office began to of- ficially register trademarks in 1870 although they were used several centuries before this. The Trade Name Dictionary (1977) lists over 106,000 trade names. Trademarks that have entered into general use as generic terms include: typewriter, shredded wheat, corn flakes, raisin bran, cube steak, dry ice, kerosene, lanolin, yo-yo, heroin, trampoline, cellophane, celluloid, Ferris wheel, aspirin, hoover, windbreaker, escalator, linoleum, lano- lin, thermos, razor, nylon, acetate, spandex, asbestos, pullman, mimeograph, milk of magnesia, malted milk, mason jar, pho- tostat, diesel, polyester, vinyl, zeppelin, and zipper. These former trademarks most often lost their trademark status be- cause they were not properly protected. Others that are often used erroneously as generic terms, though they are still legally trademarks, include B.V.D.s, Skivies, Band-Aid, Frisbee, Ping- Pong, Ouija Board, Listerine, Frigidaire, Teflon, Victrola, Ko- tex, Kleenex, Latex, Plexiglass, Kodak, Muzak, Pyrex, Vaseline, Scotch Tape, Jello, Xerox and Technicolor.

词汇	trademarks and generic terms
词源	trademarks and generic terms. Trademarks—“the name or symbol legally adopted and used by a manufacturer in order to distinguish the goods he manufactures or sells and to distin- guish them from those manufactured or sold by others”—must always be capitalized. Coca-Cola, a trademark registered in 1887, has always been jealously protected by its owner. In 1930 the company went to the Supreme Court to obtain a ruling that the nickname Coke belonged exclusively to it and subsequently registered it too as a trademark. In the case of cola, however, the Supreme Court ruled in 1938 that any soft drink using the cola nut in its manufacture could call itself a cola, as cola is a generic word and therefore not the Coca-Cola Company’s ex- clusive property. Trademarks are also known as brand names or brands, this term deriving from the practice of branding ani- mals to indicate ownership. The U.S. Patent Office began to of- ficially register trademarks in 1870 although they were used several centuries before this. The Trade Name Dictionary (1977) lists over 106,000 trade names. Trademarks that have entered into general use as generic terms include: typewriter, shredded wheat, corn flakes, raisin bran, cube steak, dry ice, kerosene, lanolin, yo-yo, heroin, trampoline, cellophane, celluloid, Ferris wheel, aspirin, hoover, windbreaker, escalator, linoleum, lano- lin, thermos, razor, nylon, acetate, spandex, asbestos, pullman, mimeograph, milk of magnesia, malted milk, mason jar, pho- tostat, diesel, polyester, vinyl, zeppelin, and zipper. These former trademarks most often lost their trademark status be- cause they were not properly protected. Others that are often used erroneously as generic terms, though they are still legally trademarks, include B.V.D.s, Skivies, Band-Aid, Frisbee, Ping- Pong, Ouija Board, Listerine, Frigidaire, Teflon, Victrola, Ko- tex, Kleenex, Latex, Plexiglass, Kodak, Muzak, Pyrex, Vaseline, Scotch Tape, Jello, Xerox and Technicolor.
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