英语词汇malthusian的起源、历史背景-英语词源词典

Malthusian. Thomas Robert Malthus (1766–1834), an En- glish curate, published his An Essay on the Principle of Popula- tion As It Affects the Future Improvement of Society in 1798, and his name almost immediately aroused a storm of controversy throughout the world. His essay contained what came to be called the Malthusian theory: that population increases faster, geometrically, than the means of subsistence, which increases arithmetically. According to this theory, population would al- ways outstrip food supply unless checked by natural controls such as war, disease, or famine. Malthus later revised and re- fined his pessimistic outlook, including a control that he called “moral restraint”—late marriage and sexual abstinence. Most of the economist’s predictions haven’t been borne out, but his analysis remains correct in many respects and the Malthusian principle still operates in parts of the world where the birthrate has not dropped through birth-control practices. A Malthusian is one who accepts the pioneer demographer’s theory, or, more generally, an advocate of birth control. It is interesting to note that Charles Darwin was struck by the phrase “struggle for ex- istence” when reading Malthus’s Essay, the words stimulating him “to find the key to biological change in the process of natu- ral selection.”

词汇	malthusian
词源	Malthusian. Thomas Robert Malthus (1766–1834), an En- glish curate, published his An Essay on the Principle of Popula- tion As It Affects the Future Improvement of Society in 1798, and his name almost immediately aroused a storm of controversy throughout the world. His essay contained what came to be called the Malthusian theory: that population increases faster, geometrically, than the means of subsistence, which increases arithmetically. According to this theory, population would al- ways outstrip food supply unless checked by natural controls such as war, disease, or famine. Malthus later revised and re- fined his pessimistic outlook, including a control that he called “moral restraint”—late marriage and sexual abstinence. Most of the economist’s predictions haven’t been borne out, but his analysis remains correct in many respects and the Malthusian principle still operates in parts of the world where the birthrate has not dropped through birth-control practices. A Malthusian is one who accepts the pioneer demographer’s theory, or, more generally, an advocate of birth control. It is interesting to note that Charles Darwin was struck by the phrase “struggle for ex- istence” when reading Malthus’s Essay, the words stimulating him “to find the key to biological change in the process of natu- ral selection.”
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