stupefy (v.)
"早在15世纪初,源自拉丁语 stupefacere “使愚蠢或麻木,使昏迷”,来自 stupere “被震惊”(参见 stupid)和 facere “制造,做”(来自 PIE 根 *dhe- “设置,放置”)。
stupefy 的相关词汇
*dhē-,原始印欧词根,意为“设定,放置”。
它构成以下词汇的全部或部分: abdomen; abscond; affair; affect(第一动词)“在心中留下印象”; affect(第二动词)“假装”; affection; amplify; anathema; antithesis; apothecary; artifact; artifice; beatific; benefice; beneficence; beneficial; benefit; bibliothec; bodega; boutique; certify; chafe; chauffeur; comfit; condiment; confection; confetti; counterfeit; deed; deem; deface; defeasance; defeat; defect; deficient; difficulty; dignify; discomfit; do(动词); doom; -dom; duma; edifice; edify; efface; effect; efficacious; efficient; epithet; facade; face; facet; facial; -facient; facile; facilitate; facsimile; fact; faction(名词1)“政党”; -faction; factitious; factitive; factor; factory; factotum; faculty; fashion; feasible; feat; feature; feckless; fetish; -fic; fordo; forfeit; -fy; gratify; hacienda; hypothecate; hypothesis; incondite; indeed; infect; justify; malefactor; malfeasance; manufacture; metathesis; misfeasance; modify; mollify; multifarious; notify; nullify; office; officinal; omnifarious; orifice; parenthesis; perfect; petrify; pluperfect; pontifex; prefect; prima facie; proficient; profit; prosthesis; prothesis; purdah; putrefy; qualify; rarefy; recondite; rectify; refectory; sacrifice; salmagundi; samadhi; satisfy; sconce; suffice; sufficient; surface; surfeit; synthesis; tay; ticking(名词); theco-; thematic; theme; thesis; verify。
它是以下词汇的假定来源/其存在的证据为:梵语 dadhati “放置,安排”; 阿维斯塔语 dadaiti “他放置”; 古波斯语 ada “他制造”; 赫梯语 dai- “放置”; 希腊语 tithenai “放置,设置,安置”; 拉丁语 facere “做,干; 执行; 带来”; 立陶宛语 dėti “放置”; 波兰语 dziać się “正在发生”; 俄语 delat' “做”; 古高地德语 tuon,德语 tun,古英语 don “做”。
1540年代,“智力迟缓,缺乏正常的思维活动,愚蠢,无聊”,源自16世纪的法语 stupide,直接来自拉丁语 stupidus,“惊讶的,困惑的; 愚蠢的”,字面意思是“被打昏的”,来自 stupere,“被震惊,惊讶,困惑”,源自 PIE *stupe-,“打击”,来自词根 *(s)teu-(1)“推动,粘贴,敲击”(参见 steep(形容词))。相关词汇: Stupidly; stupidness。
表示这个概念的本土词汇包括与“聪明”一词相结合的否定构词法(古英语 unwis, unsnotor, ungleaw),还有 dol(参见 dull(形容词))和 dysig(参见 dizzy(形容词))。到18世纪中叶, Stupid 保留了与 stupor 的关联,并带有“因惊讶、悲伤等而震惊”的意味。stupid 和较不贬义的 foolish 之间的区别大致类似于德语中 töricht 与 dumm 之间的区别,但在大多数欧洲语言中并不存在。
Men are born ignorant, not stupid; they are made stupid by education. [Bertrand Russell, paraphrasing Helvétius]
“人们生来无知,而不是愚蠢; 他们是被教育变愚蠢的。” [伯特兰·罗素,改编自埃尔韦修斯]
"早在15世纪,源自中世纪拉丁语 stupefactionem(主格 stupefactio),是拉丁语 stupefacere 的动名词形式,参见 stupefy。"