durum (n.)
硬小麦的一种，特别用于制作通心粉，由拉丁文 durum，性别中性 durus "硬的"组成，源自 PIE *dru-ro-； 此为坚实、稳健等含义的词根 *deru- 的带后缀变体。该种小麦籽实较为坚硬。该种小麦于1899年从俄罗斯引入美国，1900年从北非引入。
Previous to 1901 this wheat could not usually be sold at the elevators or mills at any price and was rarely grown—in small quantities only, for stock feed. Since its commercial value has been demonstrated the production has increased from 100,000 bushels, the largest estimate in 1901, to at least 6,000,000 bushels in 1903—an increase of sixtyfold in two years. [Flour Trade News, November 1904]
在1901年之前，这种小麦通常无法以任何价格在提升机或磨坊出售，且很少种植，仅进行饲料。自从它的商业价值得到证明后，生产量从1901年最大估计的100,000蒲式耳增加到1903年至少为6,000,000蒲式耳，两年间增长了六十倍。[《Flour Trade News》, 1904年11月]
最早记录年份: 1904