英语词汇harvest的起源、历史背景-英语词源词典

harvest; aftermath; defalcation; threshold; tribulation. The harvest was so important in ancient times that the word haer- fest, or harvest, became the Old English term for autumn as well as for the gathering in of crops. This usage prevailed well into the 10th century, when harvest began to be used exclusively to mean the gathering in of wheat (called “corn” in England) and finally crops in general. The German word for autumn is still Herbst, which is related to the English harvest. Harvest is cognate with the Latin carpere, to pick. A number of English words have their roots in the harvest, words that most people would not expect to have a botanical heritage. In Roman times, for example, harvested grain was ground with a heavy roller called the tribulum. Being ground under and pressed out by this machine soon suggested the word tribulation to those who felt that they were under similar pressure. The Anglo-Saxons had a harvest ceremony called the threscan in which people stamped on piles of dry wheat, separating the grain from the stalks. This action resembled the stamping of feet when people cleaned their shoes against the sills of wood or stone that marked the doorways of houses and soon the sill came to be called the threshold of a house. Misappropriation of money or funds by an official trustee or fiduciary is called defalcation. This word has its roots in the Latin falculus, sickle, which yield- ed the verb falcare, to cut. The Latin de, down, plus falcare, means to cut down. Someone guilty of defalcation thus cuts down someone else’s possessions as a farmer might cut down grain with a sickle when he harvests it. The after mowth, which later came to be pronounced aftermath, is the second or later mowing, the harvest of grass that springs up after the first hay mowing in early summer when the grass is best for hay.

词汇	harvest
词源	harvest; aftermath; defalcation; threshold; tribulation. The harvest was so important in ancient times that the word haer- fest, or harvest, became the Old English term for autumn as well as for the gathering in of crops. This usage prevailed well into the 10th century, when harvest began to be used exclusively to mean the gathering in of wheat (called “corn” in England) and finally crops in general. The German word for autumn is still Herbst, which is related to the English harvest. Harvest is cognate with the Latin carpere, to pick. A number of English words have their roots in the harvest, words that most people would not expect to have a botanical heritage. In Roman times, for example, harvested grain was ground with a heavy roller called the tribulum. Being ground under and pressed out by this machine soon suggested the word tribulation to those who felt that they were under similar pressure. The Anglo-Saxons had a harvest ceremony called the threscan in which people stamped on piles of dry wheat, separating the grain from the stalks. This action resembled the stamping of feet when people cleaned their shoes against the sills of wood or stone that marked the doorways of houses and soon the sill came to be called the threshold of a house. Misappropriation of money or funds by an official trustee or fiduciary is called defalcation. This word has its roots in the Latin falculus, sickle, which yield- ed the verb falcare, to cut. The Latin de, down, plus falcare, means to cut down. Someone guilty of defalcation thus cuts down someone else’s possessions as a farmer might cut down grain with a sickle when he harvests it. The after mowth, which later came to be pronounced aftermath, is the second or later mowing, the harvest of grass that springs up after the first hay mowing in early summer when the grass is best for hay.
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