英语词汇mausoleum的起源、历史背景-英语词源词典

mausoleum. Queen Artemisia of Caria was so grief-stricken when her husband, King Mausolus, died in 353 b.c. that she collected his ashes and mixed a portion of them with her daily drink until she died of inconsolable sorrow three years later. But she had ordered a sepulchral monument erected to her husband’s memory in the Carian capital of Halicarnassus that became one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Built on a base of about 230 × 250 feet and towering over 100 feet high, the tomb of Mausolus (or more correctly Maussollus) wasn’t completed until after Artemisia’s own death, in 350 b.c. Caria, located in what is now southwest Turkey, attracted the greatest Greek architects to work on the vast white marble edifice, which was richly decorated with the sculpture of Scopas and Praxiteles and included statues of Mausolus and his queen. Nothing quite like this ornate super tomb had ever been seen before, and the Greeks called it a Mausoleion after the dead king, Mausoleum, the Latin form of this word, becoming our mausoleum. The imposing structure stood for almost 1,800 years before it crumbled in an earthquake in 1375. The Crusaders who occupied Halicarnassus in the 15th century used much of its marble to build a castle, but in 1859 Sir Charles Newton brought some of the structure’s remains, including the statue of Mausolus, to the British Museum. Among notable modern mausoleums are those of Napoleon under the Dome des Invalides in Paris; General U. S. Grant on Riverside Drive in New York City; and Lenin in Red Square, Moscow. Leaving a party on Riverside Drive early one morning, humorist Robert Benchley wandered over to Grant’s tomb, not realizing that friends were following him. After a while his friends saw him pick something up, write a few words on a slip of paper, and then place the object back on the ground again. When he left, his friends came closer. There, outside the tomb, stood an emp- ty milk bottle with a note in it reading: “One milk, no cream— U. S. Grant.” See also taj mahal.

词汇	mausoleum
词源	mausoleum. Queen Artemisia of Caria was so grief-stricken when her husband, King Mausolus, died in 353 b.c. that she collected his ashes and mixed a portion of them with her daily drink until she died of inconsolable sorrow three years later. But she had ordered a sepulchral monument erected to her husband’s memory in the Carian capital of Halicarnassus that became one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Built on a base of about 230 × 250 feet and towering over 100 feet high, the tomb of Mausolus (or more correctly Maussollus) wasn’t completed until after Artemisia’s own death, in 350 b.c. Caria, located in what is now southwest Turkey, attracted the greatest Greek architects to work on the vast white marble edifice, which was richly decorated with the sculpture of Scopas and Praxiteles and included statues of Mausolus and his queen. Nothing quite like this ornate super tomb had ever been seen before, and the Greeks called it a Mausoleion after the dead king, Mausoleum, the Latin form of this word, becoming our mausoleum. The imposing structure stood for almost 1,800 years before it crumbled in an earthquake in 1375. The Crusaders who occupied Halicarnassus in the 15th century used much of its marble to build a castle, but in 1859 Sir Charles Newton brought some of the structure’s remains, including the statue of Mausolus, to the British Museum. Among notable modern mausoleums are those of Napoleon under the Dome des Invalides in Paris; General U. S. Grant on Riverside Drive in New York City; and Lenin in Red Square, Moscow. Leaving a party on Riverside Drive early one morning, humorist Robert Benchley wandered over to Grant’s tomb, not realizing that friends were following him. After a while his friends saw him pick something up, write a few words on a slip of paper, and then place the object back on the ground again. When he left, his friends came closer. There, outside the tomb, stood an emp- ty milk bottle with a note in it reading: “One milk, no cream— U. S. Grant.” See also taj mahal.
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