| 词汇 | salisbury steak |
| 词源 | Salisbury steak; hamburger. Hamburger literally signifies an inhabitant of Hamburg, the great German seaport, the Ham- burg steak originating there, but Salisbury steak, a hamburger without a bun, derives from the name of a 19th-century En- glish physician, Dr. James H. Salisbury. Salisbury steak, as every Army veteran knows, is really something more, or less, than a hamburger. The “steak” part makes it look good on menus, but today it is usually either a well-done hamburger, or a combina- tion of ground beef, eggs, milk and bread crumbs cooked in patties and drowned in a gooey gravy. Salisbury steak started out as well-done hamburger alone. In 1888 Dr. Salisbury advised his patients to eat well-cooked ground beef three times a day, with hot water before and after each feast. This diet, the health faddist claimed over the laugh- ter of his colleagues, would either cure or relieve pulmonary tuberculosis, hardening of the arteries, gout, colitis, asthma, bronchitis, rheumatism, and pernicious anemia. During World War I and again in World War II, efforts were made to drive German loan words like hamburger out of the language, a hamburger steak becoming a Salisbury steak and a hamburger a liberty sandwich. These efforts by superpa- triots didn’t succeed. One suspects that Salisbury steak only survived because it made an excellent euphemism for ham- burger. Certainly no one eats ground beef and hot water for health reasons anymore. See also graham crackers; tartar sauce. |
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