英语词汇czar的起源、历史背景-英语词源词典

czar; tsar; tsarina; etc. When Julius Caesar died, his proper name was adopted by the Roman emperors, beginning with Augustus, and retained until the fall of the Holy Roman Em- pire. The title later came to be adopted by various European countries with minor changes in spelling. Czar or tsar can be traced to the old Slavic word cesare, deriving from “Caesar” and introduced into Russia in the 15th century as a title. The word, first spelled tsear, was applied to all Russian rulers after Ivan the Terrible assumed it officially to describe his rule as king of Poland. The Russian tsar was considered to be appoint- ed by God as head of church and state, his authority unlimited by laws of any kind; his wife was called the tsarina, his son the tsarevitch, and his daughter the tsarevna. Today czar is often used for “any tyrannical despot with absolute power,” a czarist being anyone who believes in such a system of government. Spelling of the word varies in both British and American dictionaries—neither form is accepted by all authorities in ei- ther country.

词汇	czar
词源	czar; tsar; tsarina; etc. When Julius Caesar died, his proper name was adopted by the Roman emperors, beginning with Augustus, and retained until the fall of the Holy Roman Em- pire. The title later came to be adopted by various European countries with minor changes in spelling. Czar or tsar can be traced to the old Slavic word cesare, deriving from “Caesar” and introduced into Russia in the 15th century as a title. The word, first spelled tsear, was applied to all Russian rulers after Ivan the Terrible assumed it officially to describe his rule as king of Poland. The Russian tsar was considered to be appoint- ed by God as head of church and state, his authority unlimited by laws of any kind; his wife was called the tsarina, his son the tsarevitch, and his daughter the tsarevna. Today czar is often used for “any tyrannical despot with absolute power,” a czarist being anyone who believes in such a system of government. Spelling of the word varies in both British and American dictionaries—neither form is accepted by all authorities in ei- ther country.
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