Averroes

阿维森纳（1126-1198）是西班牙和摩洛哥的阿拉伯哲学家和医生，其名字是 Ibn Rushd 的拉丁化。他试图净化亚里士多德的阿拉伯版，将亚里士多德的重要性和对他众多异教教义的尊重提高到一种程度，这使得基督教徒和穆斯林中的正统虔诚者感到惊恐。他的追随者特别注重将哲学与宗教分开。相关人物： Averroist; Averoistic。

Averroes is more important in Christian than in Mohammedan philosophy. In the latter he was a dead end; in the former, a beginning. He was translated into Latin early in the thirteenth century by Michael Scott; as his works belong to the latter half of the twelfth century, this is surprising. His influence in Europe was very great, not only on the scholastics, but also on a large body of unprofessional free-thinkers, who denied immortality and were called Averroists. [Bertrand Russell, "A History of Western Philosophy"]

阿维森纳在基督教哲学中的重要性比在穆罕默德哲学中的要更大。在穆罕默德哲学中，他是一个死胡同，而在基督教哲学中，他则是一个开端。他的著作于13世纪初被迈克尔·斯科特（Michael Scott）翻译成拉丁文，考虑到他的作品属于12世纪后半期，这是令人惊讶的。他在欧洲的影响非常大，不仅影响了细致派，还影响了大量的非专业自由思想家，他们否认人的不朽性并被称为阿维罗主义者。
[贝特兰·罗素，《西方哲学史》]