astrology (n.)
14世纪后期,“根据天体观察进行计算和预测”的含义,源自拉丁文“astrologia”(astronomy,“天体科学”),源自希腊语“astrologia”(astronomy),字面意思为“星座描绘”,源自“astron”(星座)(源自 PIE 根“*ster-”(2)“星座”)和“-logia”(处理)(参见“-logy”)。
最初与“astronomy”相同,包括科学观察和描述。特别的“将天文学应用于预测事件”的含义,被分为“natural astrology”“自然现象的计算和预测”(潮汐,日食,教堂庆祝日期等),以及“judicial astrology”“判断星球对人类事务的隐秘影响的艺术。”
在拉丁文和后来的希腊文中,“astronomia”倾向于更科学,“astrologia”则没有。在英语中,“astrology”和“astronomy”之间的差异始于15世纪后期,到17世纪后期,该词的含义仅限于“阅读星座的影响以及它们对人类命运的影响”。
And consequently, an Astrology in the World before Astronomy, either in Name or Science. so that (Non obstante whatever any Astronomer shall oppose to the contrary) Astrology hath the right of Primogeniture. And all the Sober and Judiciously Learned must needs acknowledge the Truth hereof.—Howbeit, it were to be wished that the Astrologer understood Astronomy, and that the Astronomer were acquainted with Astrology: Although I do in truth despair of ever finding many to be so happily Accomplished. [John Gadbury, introduction to "Ephemerides of the Celestial Motions," London, 1672]
因此,在天文学之前的世界上,有一个与天文学相同的 astrology,无论任何天文学家反对这一点,占据了“Non obstante”的知识理念,这些理智明智的学者必须承认这一点。不过,它希望占星家了解天文学,天文学家熟悉占星学:尽管我真的绝望于在这一点上找到许多人如此幸运。(约翰·加德伯里(John Gadbury),《天体运动的日历》(伦敦,1672年)引言)
It is ... an extremely just observation of M. Comte, that [the study of astrology] marks the first systematic effort to frame a philosophy of history by reducing the apparently capricious phenomena of human actions within the domain of law. It may, however, I think, be no less justly regarded as one of the last struggles of human egotism against the depressing sense of insignificance which the immensity of the universe must produce. [W.E.H. Lecky, "History of the Rise and Influence of the Spirit of Rationalism in Europe," 1866]
这是 Comte 先生的一个非常正确的观察,即占星学的研究通过将人类行动的明显、反复无常的现象归于规律的范畴,标志着制定历史哲学的第一个系统性努力。但是,我认为,它同样可以被看作是人类自大抵抗宇宙广阔和自身渺小感的最后一次斗争。(W·E·H·Lecky,“欧洲理性主义崛起与影响史”(1866))
最早记录年份: late 14c.