perspective (n.)
14世纪晚期, perspectif,意为“光学科学”,源自古法语 perspective,直接源自中世纪拉丁语 perspectiva ars,意为“光学科学”,来自拉丁语 perspectivus,意为“视觉的,光学的”,来自拉丁语 perspectus,意为“清晰地感知”,是 perspicere 的过去分词,意为“检查,透视,仔细观察”,由 per(来自 PIE 词根 *per-(1),意为“向前”,因此是“通过”)和 specere(来自 PIE 词根 *spek-,意为“观察”)组成。这个英语单词也在15世纪早期作为形容词出现,意为“与光学科学有关”。
“在平面上绘制实体物体,以呈现距离或深度的外观”这个意义在1590年代得到证实,可能受到了意大利艺术家术语 prospettiva 的影响。意思是“适当的比例,主题的各个部分在思想中相互关联”,记录于1600年左右,因此引申义是“随着时间的推移,心态的展望”(1762年)。
perspective 的相关词汇
Proto-Indo-European 根词,表示“向前”,并通过扩展表示“在前面,之前,首要,朝向,靠近,反对”等。
它构成了以下单词或部分单词: afford; approach; appropriate; approve; approximate; barbican; before; deprive; expropriate; far; first; for; for-; fore; fore-; forefather; foremost; former (adj.); forth; frame; frau; fret; Freya; fro; froward; from; furnish; furniture; further; galore; hysteron-proteron; impervious; improbity; impromptu; improve; palfrey; par (prep.); para- (1) "alongside, beyond; altered; contrary; irregular, abnormal; " paradise; pardon; paramount; paramour; parvenu; pellucid; per; per-; percent; percussion; perennial; perestroika; perfect; perfidy; perform; perfume; perfunctory; perhaps; peri-; perish; perjury; permanent; permeate; permit; pernicious; perpendicular; perpetual; perplex; persecute; persevere; perspective; perspire; persuasion; pertain; peruse; pervade; pervert; pierce; portray; postprandial; prae-; Prakrit; pre-; premier; presbyter; Presbyterian; preterite; pride; priest; primal; primary; primate; primavera; prime; primeval; primitive; primo; primogenitor; primogeniture; primordial; primus; prince; principal; principle; prior; pristine; private; privilege; privy; pro (n.2) "a consideration or argument in favor; " pro-; probably; probe; probity; problem; proceed; proclaim; prodigal; produce; profane; profess; profile; profit; profound; profuse; project; promise; prompt; prone; proof; proper; property; propinquity; prophet; prose; prostate; prosthesis; protagonist; Protean; protect; protein; Proterozoic; protest; proto-; protocol; proton; protoplasm; Protozoa; proud; prove; proverb; provide; provoke; prow; prowess; proximate; Purana; purchase; purdah; reciprocal; rapprochement; reproach; reprove; veneer。
它是假设的源头,其存在的证据由以下提供:梵语 pari “周围,通过”, parah “更远的,远离的,远大的”, pura “以前,之前”, pra- “之前,向前,向前”; 阿维斯塔语 pairi- “周围”, paro “之前”; 赫梯语 para “在外面”,希腊语 peri “周围,关于,靠近,超出”, pera “横跨,超出”, paros “之前”, para “从旁边,超出”, pro “之前”; 拉丁语 pro “之前,为了,代表,而不是”, porro “向前”, prae “之前”, per “通过”; 古斯拉夫语 pra-dedu “曾祖父”; 俄语 pere- “通过”; 立陶宛语 per “通过”; 古爱尔兰语 ire “更远”, roar “足够”; 哥特语 faura “之前”,古英语 fore(prep。)“之前,在前面”,(adv。)“之前,以前”, fram “向前,从”, feor “到很远的地方,很久以前”; 德语 vor “之前,在前面”; 古爱尔兰语 air- 哥特语 fair-,德语 ver-,古英语 fer-,强调前缀。
原始印欧语根词,意为“观察”。
它构成或部分构成以下单词: aspect; auspex; auspices; auspicious; bishop; circumspect; conspicuous; despicable; despise; episcopal; especial; espionage; espy; expect; frontispiece; gyroscope; haruspex; horoscope; inspect; inspection; inspector; introspect; introspection; perspective; perspicacious; perspicacity; prospect; prospective; respect; respite; retrospect; scope; -scope; scopophilia; -scopy; skeptic; species; specimen; specious; spectacle; spectacular; spectrum; speculate; speculation; speculum; spice; spy; suspect; suspicion; suspicious; telescope。
它是假设的词源,其存在的证据由以下单词提供: spasati(梵语)“看见”; spasyeiti(阿维斯塔语)“窥视”; skopein(希腊语)“看,观察”, skeptesthai “看”, skopos “观察者,监视者”; specere(拉丁语)“看”; spehhon(古高地德语)“窥视”, spähen(德语)“窥视”。
- Perspex
- perspicuity
- perspicuous