perish (v.)
晚期13世纪, perishen,意为"死亡,被杀,消逝; 遭受精神死亡,被诅咒",源自 periss-,这是法语古词 perir 的现在分词词干,意为"消亡,迷失,遭遇船难"(12世纪),源自拉丁语 perire,意为"迷失,消亡",字面意思是"穿过",源自 per,意为"穿过,完全,毁灭"(源自 PIE 词根 *per- (1) "向前",因此是"穿过")+ ire "去"(源自 PIE 词根 *ei- "去")。
从14世纪中期开始,用于物理对象,意为"衰败,走向毁灭"。在中古英语中也有及物动词的用法,意为"摧毁,杀死"(大约1300年)。相关词: Perished; perishing。Perisher 在1888年作为一个蔑视的词语出现,原意为"破坏者",但有时也带有一种怜悯的语气,好像是"可能要灭亡的人"。
perish 的相关词汇
原始印欧词根表示“前进”。
它构成或构成部分: Abitur ; adit ; ambience ; ambient ; ambit ; ambition ; ambitious ; andante ; anion ; cation ; circuit ; coitus ; commence ; commencement ; concomitant ; constable ; count (n.1)贵族的头衔; county ; dysprosium ; errant ; exit ; initial ; initiate ; initiation ; introit ; ion ; issue ; itinerant ; itinerary ; janitor ; January ; Janus ; Jena ; Mahayana ; obiter ; obituary ; perish ; praetor ; Praetorian ; preterite ; sedition ; sudden ; trance ; transient ; transit ; transitive ; viscount 。
梵语 e'ti “走”, imas “我们走”, ayanam “一种前进,路径”; 阿维斯陀语 ae'iti “走”,古波斯语 aitiy “走”; 希腊语 ienai “前进”; 拉丁语 ire “前进”, iter “一种道路”; 古爱尔兰语 ethaim “我去”,爱尔兰语 bothar “一条道路”(来自 *bou-itro- “牛的路”),高卢语 eimu “我们走”; 立陶宛语 eiti “前进”; 古教会斯拉夫语 iti “走”; 保加利亚语 ida “我走”; 俄语 idti “前进”; 哥特语 iddja “已经走了”。
Proto-Indo-European 根词,表示“向前”,并通过扩展表示“在前面,之前,首要,朝向,靠近,反对”等。
它构成了以下单词或部分单词: afford; approach; appropriate; approve; approximate; barbican; before; deprive; expropriate; far; first; for; for-; fore; fore-; forefather; foremost; former (adj.); forth; frame; frau; fret; Freya; fro; froward; from; furnish; furniture; further; galore; hysteron-proteron; impervious; improbity; impromptu; improve; palfrey; par (prep.); para- (1) "alongside, beyond; altered; contrary; irregular, abnormal; " paradise; pardon; paramount; paramour; parvenu; pellucid; per; per-; percent; percussion; perennial; perestroika; perfect; perfidy; perform; perfume; perfunctory; perhaps; peri-; perish; perjury; permanent; permeate; permit; pernicious; perpendicular; perpetual; perplex; persecute; persevere; perspective; perspire; persuasion; pertain; peruse; pervade; pervert; pierce; portray; postprandial; prae-; Prakrit; pre-; premier; presbyter; Presbyterian; preterite; pride; priest; primal; primary; primate; primavera; prime; primeval; primitive; primo; primogenitor; primogeniture; primordial; primus; prince; principal; principle; prior; pristine; private; privilege; privy; pro (n.2) "a consideration or argument in favor; " pro-; probably; probe; probity; problem; proceed; proclaim; prodigal; produce; profane; profess; profile; profit; profound; profuse; project; promise; prompt; prone; proof; proper; property; propinquity; prophet; prose; prostate; prosthesis; protagonist; Protean; protect; protein; Proterozoic; protest; proto-; protocol; proton; protoplasm; Protozoa; proud; prove; proverb; provide; provoke; prow; prowess; proximate; Purana; purchase; purdah; reciprocal; rapprochement; reproach; reprove; veneer。
它是假设的源头,其存在的证据由以下提供:梵语 pari “周围,通过”, parah “更远的,远离的,远大的”, pura “以前,之前”, pra- “之前,向前,向前”; 阿维斯塔语 pairi- “周围”, paro “之前”; 赫梯语 para “在外面”,希腊语 peri “周围,关于,靠近,超出”, pera “横跨,超出”, paros “之前”, para “从旁边,超出”, pro “之前”; 拉丁语 pro “之前,为了,代表,而不是”, porro “向前”, prae “之前”, per “通过”; 古斯拉夫语 pra-dedu “曾祖父”; 俄语 pere- “通过”; 立陶宛语 per “通过”; 古爱尔兰语 ire “更远”, roar “足够”; 哥特语 faura “之前”,古英语 fore(prep。)“之前,在前面”,(adv。)“之前,以前”, fram “向前,从”, feor “到很远的地方,很久以前”; 德语 vor “之前,在前面”; 古爱尔兰语 air- 哥特语 fair-,德语 ver-,古英语 fer-,强调前缀。
- parch
- perishable