cupola (n.)

在建筑学中，一种拱顶或小圆顶，1540年代，源自意大利语 cupola，源自晚期拉丁语 cupula “小桶”，是拉丁语 cupa “木桶，酒桶”的缩小形式（参见 cup（n.））。因此，“任何结构的圆顶顶部”。

The Italian word signifies a hemispherical roof which covers a circular building, like the Pantheon at Rome or the temple of Vesta at Tivoli. Most modern cupolas are semi-elliptical, cut through their shortest diameter; but the greater number of ancient cupolas were hemispherical. In colloquial use, the cupola is often considered as a diminutive dome, or the name is specifically applied to a small structure rising above a roof and often having the character of a tower or lantern, and in no sense that of a dome. [Century Dictionary, 1897]

意大利语单词表示覆盖圆形建筑物的半球形屋顶，例如罗马的万神殿或蒂沃利的维斯塔神庙。大多数现代圆顶是半椭圆形的，通过它们最短的直径切割； 但大多数古代圆顶是半球形的。在口语中，圆顶通常被认为是一个缩小的圆顶，或者这个名字特别适用于一个小结构，高于屋顶，通常具有塔或灯笼的特征，而不是圆顶的特征。[世纪词典，1897年]