英语词汇stalinism的起源、历史背景-英语词源词典

Stalinism; Stalingrad, etc. Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili (1879–1953) took the name Joseph Stalin after joining the Rus- sian revolutionary movement in 1896. Stalin, which means “man of steel,” instituted what became known as Stalinism, a synonym for ruthless dictatorship rarely equaled in any other time or place. There is no doubt that the Soviet leader trans- formed his country into a great modern military and industrial power after succeeding Lenin. But no nation ever paid a higher price for such “progress.” Ten million or more Kulaks, wealthy peasants, were exterminated in order to make Stalin’s collec- tive farms a success; another 10 million people were eliminated in the Great Purge that lasted from 1934 to 1938; no one knows how many more millions were killed in the continual venge- ful, fearful purge that seemed at times to be this paranoid’s sole reason for living. De-Stalinization began in Russia in 1956 when Nikita Khrushchev exposed Stalin’s crimes. By 1961 Sta- lin’s body had been removed from the mausoleum in Red Square and every factory, mountain, street, and city named af- ter him had been renamed—even the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd), which had been dedicated to him in 1925 because forces under his command drove out the White Armies dur- ing the Revolution. Stalingrad will always be known histori- cally for the great battle that proved to be the turning point in World War II, and Stalin’s name is best remembered in Stalinism.

词汇	stalinism
词源	Stalinism; Stalingrad, etc. Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili (1879–1953) took the name Joseph Stalin after joining the Rus- sian revolutionary movement in 1896. Stalin, which means “man of steel,” instituted what became known as Stalinism, a synonym for ruthless dictatorship rarely equaled in any other time or place. There is no doubt that the Soviet leader trans- formed his country into a great modern military and industrial power after succeeding Lenin. But no nation ever paid a higher price for such “progress.” Ten million or more Kulaks, wealthy peasants, were exterminated in order to make Stalin’s collec- tive farms a success; another 10 million people were eliminated in the Great Purge that lasted from 1934 to 1938; no one knows how many more millions were killed in the continual venge- ful, fearful purge that seemed at times to be this paranoid’s sole reason for living. De-Stalinization began in Russia in 1956 when Nikita Khrushchev exposed Stalin’s crimes. By 1961 Sta- lin’s body had been removed from the mausoleum in Red Square and every factory, mountain, street, and city named af- ter him had been renamed—even the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd), which had been dedicated to him in 1925 because forces under his command drove out the White Armies dur- ing the Revolution. Stalingrad will always be known histori- cally for the great battle that proved to be the turning point in World War II, and Stalin’s name is best remembered in Stalinism.
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