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Emancipation Proclamation. All slaves in those territories still in rebellion against the Union were freed by President Ab- raham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863: “All persons held as slaves within said designated States, and parts of States, are, and henceforward shall be free.” The provisions for the freed slaves permitted all former slaves to serve in the Union armed services. The proclamation did not affect slaves in slave states loyal to the Union or conquered states, but future legislation and, finally, the Thirteenth Amend- ment to the Constitution ended all slavery everywhere in the U.S. See juneteenth. |