bishopric (n.)
"主教管区,主教的省份"的古英语词汇 bisceoprice,由 bishop 和 rice 组成,前者意为"主教",后者意为"领域、领土、省份",源自原始日耳曼语 *rikja 的"统治"(源自 PIE 词根 *reg-,表示"沿直线移动",派生词义为"沿直线引导",因此意为"领导、统治")。
bishopric 的相关词汇
Old English 中的“ bisceop "bishop, high priest (Jewish or pagan),"源于晚期拉丁语的 episcopus,该词源于希腊语的 episkopos,该词是指各种政府官员的称号,“后来在教会中被采用,意指‘精神监督者、监督长’”,来自 epi- “ 压倒,管理”(见 epi-)和 skopos “ 监视者,看护者; 守护神,保护者”(来自 PIE 根词 *spek- “观察”)。该词在教会中有特定的意义,但也在新约圣经中用作长老的描述性称号,并在某些非层级基督教派中一直被使用。
A curious example of word-change, as effected by the genius of different tongues, is furnished by the English bishop and the French évêque. Both are from the same root, furnishing, perhaps the only example of two words from a common stem so modifying themselves in historical times as not to have a letter in common. (Of course many words from a far off Aryan stem are in the same condition.) The English strikes off the initial and terminal syllables, leaving only piscop, which the Saxon preference for the softer labial and hissing sounds modified into bishop. Évêque (formerly evesque) merely softens the p into v and drops the last syllable. [William S. Walsh, "Handy-Book of Literary Curiosities," Philadelphia, J.B. Lippincott, 1892]
一种有趣的词汇变化的例子,是通过不同语言的天赋所实现的,由英语 bishop 和法语 évêque 提供。两者均源自相同的词根,可能提供了唯一的两个单词,这两个单词的词根修改自己 in historical times,以至于它们没有一个共同的字母。(当然,许多远古雅利安词根的单词处于同样的状态。)英语去掉了首尾音节,只剩下 piscop,撒克逊人偏爱较柔的唇音和发声音,将其改为 bishop。Évêque(原名 evesque)仅将 p 变成了 v,并去掉了最后的一个音节。[William S. Walsh,“Handy-Book of Literary Curiosities”,费城,J.B. Lippincott,1892]
晚期的拉丁语 episcopus 在西班牙语中成为 obispo,在意大利语中成为 vescovo,在威尔士语中成为 esgob。日耳曼语族的形式包括古撒克逊语 biscop,古高地德语 biscof。更遥远的语系包括立陶宛语 vyskupas,阿尔巴尼亚语 upeshk,芬兰语 piispa。曾经流行的一个双关语是 bite-sheep(1550年代; 在德语中效果更佳, biss-schaf)。象棋子(以前为 archer,之前为 alfin)由于在1560年代被称为“bishop”。
Proto-Indo-European 根词,意为“沿直线移动”,派生词意为“沿直线引导”,因此意为“领导,统治”。
它构成了以下单词或部分单词: abrogate; address; adroit; Alaric; alert; anorectic; anorexia; arrogant; arrogate; bishopric; correct; corvee; derecho; derogate; derogatory; Dietrich; direct; dress; eldritch; erect; ergo; Eric; Frederick; Henry; incorrigible; interregnum; interrogate; maharajah; Maratha; prerogative; prorogue; rack (n.1) "frame with bars; " rail (n.1) "horizontal bar passing from one post or support to another; " Raj; rajah; rake (n.1) "toothed tool for drawing or scraping things together; " rake (n.2) "debauchee; idle, dissolute person; " rakish; rank (adj.) "corrupt, loathsome, foul; " real (n.) "small Spanish silver coin; " realm; reck; reckless; reckon; rectangle; rectify; rectilinear; rectitude; recto; recto-; rector; rectum; regal; regent; regicide; regime; regimen; regiment; region; regular; regulate; Regulus; Reich; reign; resurgent; rex; rich; right; Risorgimento; rogation; royal; rule; sord; source; subrogate; subrogation; surge; surrogate; viceroy。
它是以下单词的假设来源/其存在的证据由以下单词提供:
Sanskrit raj- “国王,领袖”, rjyati “他伸展自己”, riag “折磨”(通过折磨); Avestan razeyeiti “指导”, raštva- “指导,安排,直”的; 波斯语 rahst “正确,正确”; 拉丁语 regere “统治,指导,领导,管理”, rex(属格 regis)“国王”, rectus “正确,正确”; 希腊语 oregein “到达,延伸”; 古爱尔兰语 ri,盖尔语 righ “国王”,高卢语 -rix “国王”(在个人名称中,如 Vircingetorix),古爱尔兰语 rigim “伸展”; 哥特语 reiks “领袖”, raihts “直,正确”; 立陶宛语 raižytis “伸展自己”; 古英语 rice “王国”, -ric “国王”, rice “富有,强大”, riht “正确”; 哥特语 raihts,古高地德语 recht,古瑞典语 reht,古挪威语 rettr “正确”。