religate (v.)
"束缚在一起",来自于1590年代的拉丁语 religatus,是 religare "连接、捆绑"的过去分词形式(参见 rely)。有时也是 relegate 的过时拼写。相关词组: Religated 、religating; religation。
religate 的相关词汇
1590年代,“放逐(某人),将某人送到偏远或遥远的地方,将某人送走或避开”,源自拉丁语 relegatus,是 relegare 的过去分词,“移除,解雇,放逐,送走,安排,搁置”,由 re- “回来”(见 re-)和 legare “派遣代表,委托,授权,遗赠”组成,可能字面意思是“通过合同雇佣”,与 lex(属格 legis)“合同,法律”有关(源自 PIE 词根 *leg-(1)“收集,聚集”)。
所有意义都来自罗马法律中的一个特定含义:“将某人流放,使其离开罗马一定距离一定时间。”“使(某人)处于劣势地位”的意义记录于1790年。关于主题,事物等,“将其分配到某个特定的类别,领域等”,最早见于1866年。相关: Relegated; relegating; relegable。
[Relegatio] allowed the expulsion of a citizen from Rome by magisterial decree. All examples of relegation were accomplished by magistrates with imperium, and lesser magistrates probably did not possess this power. Any number of individuals could be relegated under a single decree, and they even could be directed to relocate to a specific area. This act was generally used to remove undesirable foreigners from Rome, as when Greek philosophers were expelled from Rome in 161 and two Epicureans, Philiscus and Alcaeus, were banished seven years later. [Gordan P. Kelly, "A History of Exile in the Roman Republic," Cambridge: 2006]
[ Relegatio ]允许市长法令将公民从罗马驱逐出境。所有的流放例子都是由拥有 imperium 的市长完成的,较低级别的市长可能没有这种权力。单个法令可以将任意数量的个人流放,他们甚至可以被指示搬到特定的区域。这一行为通常用于将不受欢迎的外国人从罗马驱逐出境,例如在公元161年,希腊哲学家被驱逐出罗马,七年后,两个伊壁鸠鲁派的哲学家 Philiscus 和 Alcaeus 被流放。[戈登·P·凯利,“罗马共和国流放史”,剑桥:2006年]
14世纪中叶, relien,意为"集结,组织"军队,追随者,一群人等(及物和不及物),源自法语单词 relier,意为"集结,组合; 系紧,再次系紧,附着,召集,义务,",源自拉丁语 religare,意为"系紧,紧绑,",源自 re-,这里可能是一个强调前缀(参见 re-),+ ligare "绑定"(源自 PIE 词根 *leig- "绑,捆绑")。
较早的含义现在已经过时。"完全信任和信赖,将自己的信念寄托于"一个人或事物的含义始于1570年代,可能是通过"召集,依赖"的概念。通常与 on 一起使用,可能受到无关的 lie(v.2)"水平休息"的影响。相关的词: Relied; relying。
The verb rely, in the orig. sense 'fasten, fix, attach,' came to be used with a special reference to attaching one's faith or oneself to a person or thing (cf. 'to pin one's faith to a thing,' 'a man to tie to,' colloquial phrases containing the same figure); in this use it became, by omission of the object, in transitive, and, losing thus its etymological associations (the other use, 'bring together again, rally,' having also become obsolete), was sometimes regarded, and has been by some etymologists actually explained, as a barbarous compound of re- + E. lie (1) rest, .... But the pret. would then have been *relay, pp. *relain. [Century Dictionary]
动词 rely,最初的意思是'系紧,固定,附着',后来特指将自己的信念或自己附着于一个人或事物(参见'将信念 pin 于一件事物','一个人要 tie 于',这些口语短语包含了相同的比喻); 在这种用法中,它通过省略对象,变成了不及物动词,因此失去了它的词源关联(另一种用法,'再次集结,召集',也已经过时),有时被视为,甚至有一些词源学家实际解释为,是 re- + 英语 lie(1)休息的粗俗复合词,.... 但是,过去式应该是 *relay,过去分词是 *relain。[世纪词典]