hydrophobia (n.)

14世纪末， idroforbia，"对水的恐惧，对吞咽水的厌恶"，是人类患上狂犬病的症状（有时用于指代疾病本身），源自晚期拉丁语 hydrophobia，来自希腊语 hydrophobos "害怕水"，由 hydr- 构成， hydor "水"的词干（来自 PIE 词根 *wed-（1）"水； 湿润"的后缀形式）+ phobos "恐惧，害怕"（参见 phobia）。之所以这样称呼，是因为患者对水表现出厌恶并且吞咽困难。在古英语中称为 wæterfyrhtness。相关： Hydrophobe。

The term hydrophobia, which has been so generally applied to the Lyssa canina, has been deservedly reprobated, because the "dread of water," the literal meaning of the word, is not a pathognomonic mark of the disease. The older writers used the terms aerophobia, or a "dread of air," and pantophobia, or a "fear of all things," as appropriate names for the disease, because the impression cold air sometimes excites terror, and the disorder is marked, by a singular degree of general timidity and distrust. ["Encyclopaedia Londinensis," 1823]

将“恐水症”这个术语广泛应用于 Lyssa canina 是不妥的，因为这个词的字面意思“对水的恐惧”并不是这种疾病的特征。早期的作家使用 aerophobia 或者“对空气的恐惧”，以及 pantophobia 或者“对一切事物的恐惧”作为这种疾病的适当名称，因为寒冷的空气有时会引发恐惧，而这种疾病则表现出一种特殊程度的胆怯和不信任。["伦敦百科全书"，1823]