sarcasm [M16th] The words of a sarcastic person are ‘biting’, and it is the idea of biting into the flesh that is behind sarcasm. The word came into English in the mid 16th century from French, and is based on Greek sarkazein ‘to tear flesh’, which also came to mean ‘to gnash the teeth, speak bitterly’. Sarcophagus [LME] has a similar history. The original Greek meant ‘flesh-eating’, and was formed from sarx ‘flesh’, the root also of sarcoma [M17th], and -phagos ‘eating’. Sarcophagi were originally made of a type of stone that the ancient Greeks believed consumed the flesh of any dead body in contact with it.