英语词汇dastard的起源、历史背景-英语词源词典

词汇	dastard
词源	dastard n. mid-15c., a term of contempt for one who is lazy or dull; an English formation on a French model, probably from dast, "dazed," past participle of dasen "to daze" (see daze (v.)) or the equivalent past participle in Old Norse + deprecatory suffix -ard. Meaning "one who shirks from danger, base coward" is late 15c. Entries linking to dastard* daze v. late 14c., dasen, "be stunned; make bewildered," perhaps from Old Norse dasa (compare dasask "to become weary," with reflexive suffix -sk). Or perhaps from Middle Dutch dasen "act silly." Perhaps originally "to make weary with cold" (a sense in English from c. 1400), which is the sense of Icelandic dasask (from the Old Norse word). Related: Dazed. -ard also -art, from Old French -ard, -art, from German -hard, -hart "hardy," forming the second element in many personal names, often used as an intensifier, but in Middle High German and Dutch used as a pejorative element in common nouns, and thus passing into Middle English in bastard, coward, blaffard ("one who stammers"), etc. It thus became a living element in English, as in buzzard, drunkard. The German element is from Proto-Germanic -hart/-hard "bold, hardy" (from PIE root kar- "hard"). dastardly adj. 1560s, "showing despicable cowardice," originally "dull," from Middle English dastard + -ly (1). Related: Dastardliness (1550s). updated on June 29, 2018
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dastard n.

Entries linking to dastard