late 12c., chiden, "to scold, nag, rail," originally intransitive, from Old English cidan "to contend, quarrel, complain." Not found outside Old English (though Liberman says it is "probably related to OHG *kîdal 'wedge,'" with a sense evolution from "brandishing sticks" to "scold, reprove").
Originally a weak verb, the later strong constructions are by influence of ride/rode, etc. The past tense and past participle can be chided or chid or even (past participle) chidden (Shakespeare used it); the present participle is chiding.