英语词汇brighten的起源、历史背景-英语词源词典

词汇	brighten
词源	brighten v. Middle English brightenen, from Old English beorhtnian "make bright" (see bright (adj.) + -en (1)). The intransitive sense of "become brighter" is attested from c. 1300. The figurative meaning "dispel gloom from, cheer" is from 1590s. Related: Brightened; brightening. The simple verb bright (Old English byrhtan "be bright," geberhtan "make bright") was in Middle English, often in figurative senses "cleanse, purify; clarify, explain," but has become obsolete. Entries linking to brighten* bright adj. "radiating or reflecting light," Old English bryht, metathesis of beorht "bright; splendid; clear-sounding; beautiful; divine," from Proto-Germanic berhtaz "bright" (source also of Old Saxon berht, Old Norse bjartr, Old High German beraht, Gothic bairhts "bright"), from PIE root bhereg- "to shine; bright, white." The meaning "quick-witted, having brilliant mental qualities" is from 1741. The Germanic word was commonly used to form given names, and figures in the etymology of Robert, Albert, Bertha, Egbert, Gilbert, Herbert, Hubert, Lambert. In modern German it survives in names only (Albrecht, Ruprecht) and has been otherwise lost. -en 1 word-forming element making verbs (such as darken, weaken) from adjectives or nouns, from Old English -nian, from Proto-Germanic -inojan (also source of Old Norse -na), from PIE adjectival suffix -no-. Most active in Middle English and early modern English, hence most verbs in -en are comparatively recent. updated on October 24, 2022
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brighten v.

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