英语词汇awkward的起源、历史背景-英语词源词典

词汇	awkward
词源	awkward adv., adj. mid-14c. (adv.), "in the wrong direction," from awk "back-handed" + adverbial suffix -weard (see -ward). The original sense is obsolete. As an adjective, "turned the wrong way," 1510s. The meaning "clumsy, wanting ease and grace in movement" is recorded by 1520s. Of persons, "embarrassed, ill-at-ease," from 1713s. Related: Awkwardly. Other 15c.-17c. formations from awk, none of them surviving, were awky, awkly, awkness. Entries linking to awkward awk adj. mid-15c., "turned the wrong way," from Old Norse afugr "turned backwards, wrong, contrary," from Proto-Germanic afug- (source also of Old Saxon aboh, Old High German apuh, Middle Dutch avesch, Dutch aafsch), from PIE apu-ko-, from root apo- "off, away." Obsolete since 17c. -ward adverbial suffix expressing direction, Old English -weard "toward," literally "turned toward," sometimes -weardes, with genitive singular ending of neuter adjectives, from Proto-Germanic werda- (cognates: Old Saxon, Old Frisian -ward, Old Norse -verðr), variant of PIE werto- "to turn, wind," from root wer- (2) "to turn, bend." The original notion is of "turned toward." awk (adj.)-ward*apo-awkwardness (n.) updated on October 01, 2022
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awkward adv., adj.