英语词汇sour的起源、历史背景-英语词源词典

词汇	sour
词源	sour adj. Old English sur "sharp and acidic to the taste, tart, acid, fermented," from Proto-Germanic sura- "sour" (source also of Old Norse surr, Middle Dutch suur, Dutch zuur, Old High German sur, German sauer), from PIE root suro- "sour, salty, bitter" (source also of Old Church Slavonic syru, Russian syroi "moist, raw;" Lithuanian sūras "salty," sūris "cheese"). The meaning "harsh of temper, crabbed, having a peevish disposition" is from early 13c. The sense in whisky sour (1885) is "with lemon added" (1862). Sour cream is attested from 1855. French sur "sour, tart" (12c.) is a Germanic loan-word. sour v. c. 1300, souren, "become sour, become harsh or unpleasant;" mid-14c., transitive, "make sour," of dough, etc., by fermentation; from sour (adj.). Compare Old High German suren, German säuern. Related: Soured; souring. Entries linking to sour LSD "lysergic acid diethylamide," 1950 (as LSD 25), from German LSD (1947), from letters in Lysergsäure-diäthylamid, the German form of the chemical name. For first element, see lysergic. German säure "acid" is cognate with English sour (adj.). sauerkraut n. "a favorite German dish consisting of cabbage cut fine, pressed, salted, and fermented until sour," 1630s, from German Sauerkraut, literally "sour cabbage," from sauer "sour" (from Proto-Germanic sura-; see sour (adj.)) + Kraut "vegetable, cabbage," from Old High German krut, from Proto-Germanic kruthan. They pickle it [cabbage] up in all high Germany, with salt and barberies, and so keepe it all the yeere, being commonly the first dish you have served in at table, which they call their sawerkrant. [James Hart, "Klinike, or the diet of the diseased," 1633] In U.S. slang, figurative use for "a German" dates from 1858 (compare kraut). "The effort to substitute liberty-cabbage for sauerkraut, made by professional patriots in 1918, was a complete failure." [Mencken]. French choucroute (19c.) is the German word, but via Alsatian German surkrut but with folk etymology alteration in French based on chou "cabbage" + croûte "crust" (n.). LSDsauerkraut (n.)sorrel (n.)sourball (n.)sourdough (n.)sourly (adv.)sourness (n.)sourpuss (n.) updated on March 24, 2023
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sour adj.

Entries linking to sour