英语词汇pumpernickel的起源、历史背景-英语词源词典

词汇	pumpernickel
词源	pumpernickel n. "kind of coarse, dark rye bread made from unbolted rye," c. 1740, pumpernicle, pumpernickle, from German (Westphalian dialect) Pumpernickel (1663), originally an abusive nickname for a stupid person, from pumpern "to break wind" + Nickel "goblin, lout, rascal," from the proper name Niklaus (see Nicholas). Originally it was eaten especially in Westphalia; an earlier German name for it was krankbrot, literally "sick-bread." Entries linking to pumpernickel Nicholas masc. proper name, from French Nicolas, from Latin Nicholaus, Nicolaus, from Greek Nikholaos, literally "victory-people," from nikē "victory" (see Nike) + laos "people" (see lay (adj.)). The saint (died 326 C.E.) was a bishop of Myra in Lycia, patron of scholars, especially schoolboys. A popular given name in England in the Middle Ages (the native form, Nicol, was more common in early Middle English), as was the fem. form Nicolaa, corresponding to French Nicole. Colloquial Old Nick "the devil" is attested from 1640s, evidently from the proper name, but for no certain reason. updated on June 13, 2021
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pumpernickel n.