speculate (v.)
1590年代,“心理观察,思考”(及物动词),源于 speculation。也曾表示“从瞭望塔上观察”(1610年代)。不及物动词意为“通过猜测或思考追求真理”,始于1670年代。“冒险投资以谋利润”的意思始于1785年。相关词汇: Speculated; speculating。
Speculable 作为“可供推测的,理论的”一词,始于15世纪中叶,源于拉丁语 speculabilis。卡克斯顿曾使用 specule(动词)表示“仔细观察”,源于法语 speculer,但英语并未保留该词。
speculate 的相关词汇
14世纪晚期, speculacioun,“智慧的沉思,思考; 观察的行为”,源自古法语 speculacion,“密切观察,全神贯注”,直接源自拉丁语 speculationem(主格 speculatio),“沉思,观察,窥探”的动名词,源自 speculatus 的过去分词,该词来自拉丁语 speculari,“观察”,源自 specere,“看,视”(源自 PIE 词根 *spek-,“观察”)。
“通过思考追求真理”的意义始于15世纪中期。贬义的“纯粹的猜测”意义始于1570年代。(在中古英语中,它也可以表示“理论与实践相对”)。“为了从市场价值的涨跌中获利而进行的买卖”这一意义始于1774年; 在这个意义上,短语 spec的用法始于1794年。
Protestant clergy were at least as bigoted as Catholic ecclesiastics, nevertheless there soon came to be much more liberty of speculation in Protestant than in Catholic countries, because in Protestant countries the clergy had less power. The important aspect of Protestantism was schism, not heresy, for schism led to national Churches were not strong enough to control the lay government. This was wholly a gain, for the Churches, everywhere, opposed as long as they could practically every invention that made for an increase of happiness or knowledge here on earth. [Bertrand Russell, "A History of Western Philosophy," 1945]
新教神职人员至少和天主教教士一样偏执,然而在新教国家,思想自由很快就比天主教国家更多,因为在新教国家,神职人员的权力更小。新教的重要方面是分裂,而不是异端邪说,因为分裂导致了国家教会,这些教会不足以控制世俗政府。这完全是一种收获,因为无论在哪里,教会都反对一切增加人间幸福或知识的发明。 [伯特兰·罗素,《西方哲学史》,1945年]
原始印欧语根词,意为“观察”。
它构成或部分构成以下单词: aspect; auspex; auspices; auspicious; bishop; circumspect; conspicuous; despicable; despise; episcopal; especial; espionage; espy; expect; frontispiece; gyroscope; haruspex; horoscope; inspect; inspection; inspector; introspect; introspection; perspective; perspicacious; perspicacity; prospect; prospective; respect; respite; retrospect; scope; -scope; scopophilia; -scopy; skeptic; species; specimen; specious; spectacle; spectacular; spectrum; speculate; speculation; speculum; spice; spy; suspect; suspicion; suspicious; telescope。
它是假设的词源,其存在的证据由以下单词提供: spasati(梵语)“看见”; spasyeiti(阿维斯塔语)“窥视”; skopein(希腊语)“看,观察”, skeptesthai “看”, skopos “观察者,监视者”; specere(拉丁语)“看”; spehhon(古高地德语)“窥视”, spähen(德语)“窥视”。