kamikaze (n.)

"自杀飞行员"，1945年，日语，字面意思为"神风"，由 kami "神，天意"（见 kami）+ kaze "风"组成。据说最初是民间传说中赐予拯救日本于1281年8月摧毁忽必烈的舰队的台风的名字。第二次世界大战的袭击始于1944年10月在菲律宾附近。作为形容词，从1946年开始使用。

As an aside, at war's end, the Japanese had, by actual count, a total of 16,397 aircraft still available for service, including 6,374 operational fighters and bombers, and if they had used only the fighters and bombers for kamikaze missions, they might have realized, additionally, 900 ships sunk or damaged and 22,000 sailors killed or injured. In fact, however, the Japanese had outfitted many aircraft, including trainers, as potential suicide attackers. As intelligence estimates indicated, the Japanese believed they could inflict at least 50,000 casualties to an invasion force by kamikaze attacks alone. [Richard P. Hallion, "Military Technology and the Pacific War," 1995]

顺便提一下，在战争结束时，据实数统计，日本总共还有16,397架飞机可供使用，其中包括6,374架作战战斗机和轰炸机，如果他们只使用战斗机和轰炸机进行 kamikaze 任务，他们可能会额外击沉或损坏900艘船只，造成22,000名水手死亡或受伤。然而，事实上，日本已经装备了许多飞机，包括教练机，作为潜在的自杀攻击者。情报估计表明，日本人相信仅通过 kamikaze 攻击就可以造成至少50,000名入侵部队的伤亡。[理查德·P·哈利昂，《军事技术与太平洋战争》，1995年]