horrific (adj.)
"引起恐惧的",1650年代,来自法语 horrifique 或直接来自拉丁语 horrificus "可怕的,令人兴奋的恐惧",字面意思是"使头发竖起来",来自 horrere "害怕,发抖,竖起来"(参见 horror)+ -ficus "制造,做",来自 facere "制造,做"的组合形式(来自 PIE 根 *dhe- "放置,放置")。一个更早的形容词是 horriferous(1620年代)。相关: Horrifically。
horrific 的相关词汇
*dhē-,原始印欧词根,意为“设定,放置”。
它构成以下词汇的全部或部分: abdomen; abscond; affair; affect(第一动词)“在心中留下印象”; affect(第二动词)“假装”; affection; amplify; anathema; antithesis; apothecary; artifact; artifice; beatific; benefice; beneficence; beneficial; benefit; bibliothec; bodega; boutique; certify; chafe; chauffeur; comfit; condiment; confection; confetti; counterfeit; deed; deem; deface; defeasance; defeat; defect; deficient; difficulty; dignify; discomfit; do(动词); doom; -dom; duma; edifice; edify; efface; effect; efficacious; efficient; epithet; facade; face; facet; facial; -facient; facile; facilitate; facsimile; fact; faction(名词1)“政党”; -faction; factitious; factitive; factor; factory; factotum; faculty; fashion; feasible; feat; feature; feckless; fetish; -fic; fordo; forfeit; -fy; gratify; hacienda; hypothecate; hypothesis; incondite; indeed; infect; justify; malefactor; malfeasance; manufacture; metathesis; misfeasance; modify; mollify; multifarious; notify; nullify; office; officinal; omnifarious; orifice; parenthesis; perfect; petrify; pluperfect; pontifex; prefect; prima facie; proficient; profit; prosthesis; prothesis; purdah; putrefy; qualify; rarefy; recondite; rectify; refectory; sacrifice; salmagundi; samadhi; satisfy; sconce; suffice; sufficient; surface; surfeit; synthesis; tay; ticking(名词); theco-; thematic; theme; thesis; verify。
它是以下词汇的假定来源/其存在的证据为:梵语 dadhati “放置,安排”; 阿维斯塔语 dadaiti “他放置”; 古波斯语 ada “他制造”; 赫梯语 dai- “放置”; 希腊语 tithenai “放置,设置,安置”; 拉丁语 facere “做,干; 执行; 带来”; 立陶宛语 dėti “放置”; 波兰语 dziać się “正在发生”; 俄语 delat' “做”; 古高地德语 tuon,德语 tun,古英语 don “做”。
14世纪初,“厌恶感”; 14世纪晚期,“恐惧或惊骇的情感”,也指“引起恐惧的事物”,源自古法语 horror(12世纪,现代法语 horreur),直接源自拉丁语 horror “敬畏、敬重、宗教敬畏”的比喻用法,字面意思是“颤抖、战栗(如同寒冷或恐惧一样),颤抖、寒战”,源自 horrere “因恐惧而竖起毛发,颤抖”,源自 PIE 词根 *ghers- “竖起毛发”(源头还包括梵语 harsate “竖起毛发”,阿维斯塔语 zarshayamna- “抖动羽毛”,拉丁语 eris(属格)“刺猬”,威尔士语 garw “粗糙”)。
此外,英语中曾经指“发抖”,尤其是作为疾病症状或对酸味或苦味的反应(1530年代); “皮肤上的毛发竖起”(1650年代); “水面波动的颤动”(1630年代)。作为电影类型,始于1934年。Chamber of horrors 最初(1849年)是指玛丽·蒂索蜡像馆中臭名昭著罪犯的画廊。其他名词形式包括 horribility(14世纪,现已罕见或不用)、horribleness(14世纪晚期)、horridity(1620年代)、horridness(1610年代)。