dude (n.)

1883年，起源不明的纽约市俚语，指爱挑剔的男人。最近的研究表明，它是 Yankee Doodle 的缩写，基于歌曲中“浮华，过于挑剔的男性”的概念（比较 macaroni）。1883年最流行的词汇，最初用于描述“审美狂热”的爱好者，后来适用于城市里的平凡人，特别是在西部度假的东部人（如 dude ranch “招待客人和旅游者付费的牧场”，证明于1921年）。“这个术语没有先例记录，可能只是大众俚语的自发产品”[世纪词典]。

Now, "tenderfoot" is not to be construed as the Western equivalent of that much evolved and more abused specimen of mankind, familiarly styled "dude." For even the Montana cowboy recognizes the latter. Not that he has ever seen the true prototype of a class that was erstwhile so numerous among us. But he is convinced that a person caught in the act of wearing a white linen collar, and who looks as though he might have recently shaved or washed his face, must be a dude, true and proper. ["Random Notes and Observations of a Trip through the Great Northwest," The Medical Record, Oct. 20, 1883]

现在，“tenderfoot”不能被理解为西部版那名演变多次，比较滥用的人类典型，通常被称为“dude”。即使是蒙大拿州的牛仔也认识后者。不是因为他曾见过我们中曾经如此众多的一个类的真正原型。但他相信，一位被抓住戴着白色亚麻领子，看起来可能最近刮过胡子或洗过脸的人，必须是一个真正的“dude”[“随机笔记和观察大西北之旅”，《医学记录》，1883年10月20日]。

任何男性的适用记录始于1966年美国，最初出现在非洲裔美国人的方言中。

DUDE: This does not mean "tenderfoot," as it once did. It now is used to refer positively to somebody. "Charlie's a nice dude." Occasionally it's used as a neutral noun, so you can call someone a "strange dude." [Mike Jahn, "Are You Hip?" Louisville, Ky. Courier-Journal, July 11, 1971]

DUDE：这不再意味着“tenderfoot”，就像它曾经意味着的那样。它现在被用来积极地称呼某个人。“Charlie 是个不错的家伙。” 偶尔还用作中立的名词，因此可以称呼某人为“奇怪的家伙”。[迈克·扬，“你时尚吗？”路易维尔，肯塔基州《信使日报》，1971年7月11日]